You’ve got an idea. You’re itching to write. But, do you outline first – or dive headlong into the blank page and let the story lead the way? Do you need an outline to write a novel? It’s a question most new (and sometimes seasoned) writers ask themselves at the beginning of a project. Some swear by meticulously crafted plots and chapter-by-chapter roadmaps. Others opt for discovering the story as they go, embracing the uncertainty and creative freedom that comes from writing without a plan. Today at What We Writing, we’ll explore both sides of the outlining debate. We’ll analyse the benefits (and drawbacks) of outlining, what it means to be a “pantser” or a “plotter”, and share examples of how real authors approach their writing process. Whether you’re deciding how to start your first novel or rethinking your whole routine, this guide will help you unearth the right method that works for you.
What Is A Novel Outline?
A novel outline is a tool authors use to plan the structure of their story before or sometimes during the writing process. Think of it as a roadmap that helps you organise your ideas, shape your plot, and track character development from the start to the end. While some outlines are highly detailed, others are more flexible, offering just enough guidance to keep the story on track.
There isn’t a one-size-fits-all when it comes to story planning. Some writers use beat sheets, which break down the narrative into core turning points or “beats” (popular in screenwriting but widely used in fiction too). Others opt for chapter summaries, which outline what happens in each chapter, or scene breakdowns, which focus on the action and the goals of individual scenes.
Outlining can help you build a solid novel structure, identify plot holes early on, and avoid getting stuck midway through your draft. Whether you’re writing a tightly plotted mystery or a sweeping fantasy epic, having a plan, however loose or detailed, can provide valuable direction.
Benefits Of Outlining
While outlining may not be essential for every writer, many do champion it as a vital part of their creative process. Whether you’re mapping out your entire plot or just jotting down key scenes, having a plan can make writing more efficient and less overwhelming.
Here are some of the key benefits of outlining a novel:
- Clear structure from the get-go
Outlines provide a bird’s-eye view of your story, helping you to organise the beginning, middle and end in a way that flows naturally and keeps the reader hooked.
- Reduces writer’s block
When you know what comes next, it’s easier to keep writing – even on days when inspiration is at a premium. A basic outline gives you direction and purpose at every stage.
- Makes editing easier
With a clear framework in place, spotting plot holes, inconsistencies, or pacing issues becomes much simpler during revisions.
- Helps with pacing and tension
By planning important scenes and turning points ahead of time, you can ensure your story builds momentum and doesn’t sag in the middle.
- Supports complex plots or subplots
If your novel includes multiple timelines, character arcs, or twists, an outline can help you keep everything aligned and consistent.
Benefits Of Writing Without An Outline
Not every writer thrives with a plan. Some find that too much structure can stifle creativity or make the whole story feel forced. If that sounds familiar, you might be what’s known in the writing world as a pantser – someone who prefers to “fly by the seat of their pants” rather than map out everything ahead of time.
Here are some reasons why many pantsers choose to skip the outline:
- Creative freedom
Writing without an outline allows your imagination to roam. You’re not confined to a predetermined path – you can follow unexpected ideas and explore new directions as they spring up.
- Character-driven spontaneity
Without a strict plot to follow, your characters can take the lead. This often results in more authentic, emotionally-driven arcs and dialogue that feel more alive on the page.
- More organic storytelling
Discovery writing – another term for this approach – can lead to surprising twists and turns that even catch you, as the author, out. For some, this makes the process more exciting and the story more natural.
- Flexibility to adapt
When you’re not shackled to an outline, it’s easier to pivot mid-draft. If something isn’t working, you can change course without having to rework an entire plan.
The plotter vs pantser debate is ongoing in the writing community, but there’s certainly no definitive right or wrong answer – only what fuels your creativity and helps you get to “The End”.
Plotter vs. Pantser: Which One Are You?
In the writing world, most novelists fall somewhere in between being a plotter and a pantser. Plotters outline their stories in advance, whereas pantsers discover the plot as they write. Both approaches can lead to bestsellers – it just depends on your creative style.
Here’s how two famous authors differ:
- J.K. Rowling is a classic plotter. She famously crafted detailed outlines and timelines while writing the Harry Potter series, including spreadsheets tracking characters, plot points, and subplots across books.
- Stephen King, on the other hand, is a proud pantser. In On Writing, he talks about starting with a premise and “watching what happens,” allowing characters and stories to evolve naturally without much (if any) planning.
So, which type of writer are you?
Quick Checklist: Are You a Plotter or a Pantser?
You may be a plotter if…
- You feel overwhelmed starting without a plan.
- You love lists, outlines, and structure.
- You revise less because you know where your story is going.
- You’re more confident with a clear roundup.
You may be a pantser if…
- You get bored following a strict plan.
- You discover your characters and plot as you write.
- You enjoy the thrill of a surprise twist, even to yourself.
- You’re okay with heavy editing later on.
Most writers fall somewhere in between the two – a hybrid often labelled a plantser, who plans just enough to get going but leaves room for spontaneity.
Hybrid Methods: The Best Of Both Worlds
Not every writer fits the mould of being either a plotter or a pantser. Many fall somewhere in between, embracing a flexible approach that combines structure with spontaneity. These writers are often called planters, blending story planning with discovery writing.
As a plantser, you may outline the major beats of your novel, but leave enough room to explore scenes and character decisions as you go along. Perhaps you sketch out the beginning and end, but allow the middle to unfold organically. This hybrid method can offer the clarity of a roadmap with the creative freedom of writing on the fly.
Tools to Support a Hybrid Approach
Whether you’re leaning more towards plotter or pantser, having the right tools can help you stay organised and inspired:
- Notion – Great for customisable templates, character tracking, and organising world-building details.
- Scrivener – Designed for writers, it allows for flexible chapter organisation, corkboards, and side-by-side notes.
- Sticky notes or index cards – Ideal for visualising your plot, shuffling scenes, or brainstorming on the go.
- Google Docs or Word – Simple but effective for writers who like to keep things minimal.
The beauty of the hybrid approach is all about finding what works for you. You can outline just enough to avoid getting lost, while still giving your creativity space to surprise you.
Wrap Up
At the end of the day, there isn’t a one-size-fits-all answer to the question: Do you need an outline to write a novel? Some writers thrive on structure, whereas others find freedom in spontaneity. What matters most is discovering the approach that keeps you excited to write.
Don’t be afraid to experiment. Try outlining your next project – or skip the plan and see where your imagination leads you. You may even find a hybrid method that balances the best of both worlds.
What’s your approach – plotter, pantser, or somewhere in between? Let us know in the comments – we’d love to hear how you tackle your storytelling process!
